Direct FE2 Method For Concurrent Multilevel Modeling of Piezoelectric Structures

In this paper, a Direct FE2 method is proposed to simulate the electromechanical coupling problem of inhomogeneous materials. The theoretical foundation for method, downscaling and upscaling principles, same as that method. two-level simulation in may be addressed an integrative framework where macroscopic microscopic degrees freedom (DOFs) are related by multipoint constraints (MPCs) [1]. This critical characteristic permits simple implementation commercial FE software, eliminating necessity recurrent data transfer between two scales [2-4]. capabilities validated using four numerical examples, including benchmark piezoelectric arc honeycomb example composite structure example.